The most crucial criterion in creating a drilling fluid plan is minimum overall well cost. Production and exploration concerns as well as environmental impacts, performance and logistics are others factors which are included in drilling chemicals suppliers. These aspects influence the development of drilling fluid programs. They will be discussed below. Environmental InfluenceEnvironmental issues are still the crucial aspect to think about when planning and implementing for the drilling fluid. For instance when drilling offshore mineral oil or synthetic based systems are used rather than diesel oil-based systems. 2-Drilling can generally be classified into two groups: development operations and exploratory operations. Geological conditions can be used to optimize other programs, like hydraulic design, as well as to aid in the design of the drilling fluids chemicals suppliers. program. When drilling for exploratory purposes it is the case that the geological information of the region are not enough to create a mud's characteristics. The designed mud system has to aid in the acquisition of geological data quickly and safely. In the event of sudden problems or changes the mud composition has to be able of changing quickly. Problems related to formation types The anhydritic form of the drilling fluid bentonite may result in calcium ions escape in the mud system. This can cause a slowing of the process of hydration for bentonite and may cause the loss of fluid. There are two ways to get rid of the calcium ions. They can be removed of the mud system by adding sodium carbonate (Na2Co3) or by converting IRO oildrilling chemical to an inhibitive system. High Temperature Environment Drilling at high temperatures can decrease the efficacy of chemical additives and result in losses in fluids and changes in viscosity. Drilling fluids that are resistant to such environment can be used in conjunction with oil based system of mud. Pressure formation Fluids may get into the mud system while drilling through high pressure formations. This could lead to dirt contamination and unwanted kicks. To prevent such issues it is crucial to plan for the proper weight of mud. Reduction Flow Intervals The drilling fluids could be absorbed into the formation. This is categorized as partial loss circulation or total loss circulation. In the first case, the flow rate out of the hole is lower than the rate of flow inlet. The second scenario is when there isn't any mud flowing back to the surface. The lack of circulation may happen if the fracture pressure is exceeded during the circulation of the drilling fluids, or the formation is naturally fractured where the mud is able to flow into it. Shale Many issues can arise when drilling through intervals of shale, and they could be described as follows: Mechanical pipe sticking High torque and drag -Hole cleansing troubles -Drilling liquid contamination Drilling Rig The choice of drilling fluids is influenced by the mud control system (solid control system and chemical treatment) as well as the available hydraulic horse power in the circulator system. The layout and choice of the rig's layout is crucial to achieving the desired targets. Casing Program The planning of the drilling depth is dependent on several variables, such as changes in pore pressure trend, geometries and isolation of troublesome regions. These criteria are utilized to develop the drilling fluid program. Optimizing the drilling fluid program could permit drilling deeper sections that reduces overall well cost. Water Requirements The availability of water used in making the drilling fluid has to be taken into consideration when planning the mud program. Diluting is the most effective choice if the water used for drilling fluid is located on-site. In the case of the water is brought to the rig site improving the solid control treatment is the best choice. Corrosion Combining the effects of corrosion and mechanical cyclic load could cause the drill string to break. The dissolved gases such as Co2 and H2S in drilling fluids can reduce the life span of the pipe that is used for drilling dramatically.
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